Communication system, a communication method, and a communication apparatus

ABSTRACT

A communication system for carrying out data communication among a plurality of communication stations is disclosed in which a first communication station for transmitting to other communication stations a Request To Send (RTS) signal for requesting a transmission upon the start of the data transmission; and a plurality of second communication stations transmitting to other communication stations a Clear To Send (CTS) signal for notifying the completion of preparing the reception, wherein the first communication station transmits the RTS signal describing at least each of addresses the second communication stations that are desired to receive the data, and receives a plurality of CTS signals transmitted from each of the second communication stations in order to increase communication capacity.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of, and claims the benefit ofpriority under 35 U.S.C. §120 from, U.S. Ser. No. 14/136,927 filed Dec.20, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 13/410,961 filed Mar.2, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,654,754, issued Feb. 18, 2014, which is acontinuation of U.S. Ser. No. 12/621,822, filed Nov. 19, 2009, now U.S.Pat. No. 8,149,815, issued Apr. 3, 2012, which is a continuation of U.S.Ser. No. 10/821,884, filed Apr. 12, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,701,920,issued Apr. 20, 2010, and is based upon, and claims the benefit ofpriority under 35 U.S.C. §119 from, the Japanese Priority Document No.2003-123280, filed on Apr. 28, 2003, the entire contents of each ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a communication system and a communicationmethod for carrying out data communications among a plurality ofcommunication stations, and in a communication apparatus used in thesecommunication system and communication method, this inventionparticularly relates to a communication system, a communication method,and a communication apparatus suitable for applying to wireless LAN(Local Area Network).

2. Description of the Related Art

Recently, for example, the near filed wireless communication techniqueshave been developed for wirelessly coupling various types of dataprocessing terminals together, such as personal computers or portabledata terminals, and their peripheral devices. Typically, the wirelessLAN of the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)802.11 standard is now widely used.

In the wireless LAN according to the IEEE 802.11 standard, as techniquesfor the media access control (MAC) system regarding the protocol fordistributed control, the centralized control or the like in data linklayer, the contention free interval for the media access control bypolling and the contention interval for the media access control by thecarrier sensing method are standardized. Out of them, the contentionperiod for the carrier sensing method is widely used.

More specifically, as the contention period, the CSMA/CA (Carrier SenseMultiple Access with Collision Avoidance) method following theautonomous distributed control method used in Ethernet (Trade mark) hasbeen standardized. This CSMA/CA method is generally defined as atechnique to avoid a collision of data from a communication stationtrying a data transmission with data being transmitted by anothercommunication station, wherein the communication station confirms theused condition of the wireless channel by previously doing the carriersensing method. In this case, if the band is not used, the communicationstation transmits the data, but if the band is used, the communicationstation postpones the transmission of the data until the band becomes anidle state. In the wireless LAN according to the IEEE 802.11 standard,an access point AP provided as a control station and also a plurality ofstations STA existing within the radio wave accessible area of theaccess point communicate with each other by carrying out the proceduresaccording to this CSMA/CA method.

As a technique regarding the CSMA/CA method, for example, Japanese LaidOpen Patent application No. 2002-217914 discloses such a technique. Thatis, this patent document discloses a technique to improve thedirectivity gain of an antenna apparatus used in the CSMA/CA method toincrease the communication quality.

In the media access control method according to the CSMA/CA method,there is an essentially unavoidable problem because this method assumesthat a plurality of communication stations can detect wireless signalseach other. That is, there is so-called hidden station problem. To solvethis hidden station problem, the control using the so-called RTS(Request To Send) and CTS (Clear To Send) signals were developed in thewireless LAN according to IEEE 802.11 standard.

To explain the control with the RTS signal and the CTS signal, it isconsidered that an access point AP becomes a source, and tries totransmit data to a station STA. In this case, according to the wirelessLAN of the IEEE 802.11, the access point AP that carries out the carriersense in advance transmits the RTS signal as shown in FIG. 14, and aftera predetermined interval SIFS (Short Inter Frame Space), the station STAthat receives this RTS signal as a destination transmits the CTS signalas a response. The access point AP that receives the CTS signal startstransmission of data (Fragment) after the predetermined interval SIFS,and after the predetermined interval SIFS since the completion of thetransmission of the data, the station STA that receives the data repliesthe so-called ACK (Acknowledgment) signal.

In this condition, other stations STA that do not communicate know thatthe channel is occupied for a predetermined interval in accordance withthe exchanges of the RTS signal, the CTS signal, the data, and the ACKsignal. Accordingly, they set the intervals as standby intervals incounter values NAV (RTS), NAV (CTS), NAV (Fragment), and NAV (ACK),which are called NAV (Network Allocation Vector), to record transmissionoperations or the like. In the wireless LAN according to the IEEE 802.11standard, upon the elapse of this standby interval, the return of theACK signal from the station STA as a destination to the access point APalso terminates. Further, in the wireless LAN according to the IEEE802.11 standard, after a predetermined interval DIFS (Distributed InterFrame Space) elapses from when the transmission of the ACK signal isterminated, decrements are started in the counters in which values aredetermined with uniform random numbers from zero to CW (ContentionWindow) for back off provided to avoid data collision, respectively.Then, one of stations STA and the access point AP of which counter valuereaches zero first transmits the RTS signal to occupy the channel at thenext interval.

As mentioned above, the wireless LAN according to the IEEE 802.11standard is directed to solve the hidden station problem by avoidingdata collisions in accordance with the notification of using the channelto other communication stations with the RTS/CTS control.

Here, the IEEE 802.11a standard is provided as one of standards for thephysical layer operating in the MCA layer defined by the IEEE 802.11standard. In the wireless LAN, the use of this physical layer provideswireless communications at a transmission rate of about 50 Mbps at itsmaximum. Actually, while the transmission rate decreases in the wirelessLAN according to the propagation circumstance or the like, it issupposed that the transmission rate can be obtained around a half of theabove mentioned maximum transmission rate.

However, for example, if it is assumed that a large capacity of data istransmitted as in the circumstance that this wireless LAN is establishedin a house, and a plurality of streams are transmitted to the televisionsets located at a plurality of rooms from a predetermined server, theabove-described data transmission capacity may be insufficient. Thus,there is a demand for increasing a capacity of communication.

Adaptive array antennas include a plurality of antenna elements eachhaving the same characteristic, are able to control amplitude and phaseof oscillation in each antenna element independently, and providecommunications with a plurality of stations on the same frequency at thesame time. Further, the adaptive array antenna can reduce thepossibility of interference among a plurality of radio waves. Because ofthis, the adaptive antenna array attracts attention as a techniqueproviding an improvement in the frequency utilizing efficiency.

For example, Japanese Laid-open patent application Nos. 2002-51375 and2001-339331 disclose the adaptive array antennas. The Japanese Laid-openpatent application No. 2002-51375 discloses a technique providing anefficient downlink high speed packet transmission with the adaptivearray antenna, and the Japanese Laid-open patent application No.2001-339331 discloses a technique for communication with an optimumdirectivity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

However in the wireless LAN, two techniques, namely, the carrier senseaccording to the IEEE 802.11 standard and the Space DivisionMultiplexing with the adaptive array antenna, are difficult to combine.

In addition, in the wireless LAN, there is no protocol capable of thecoexistence of an access point having the adaptive array antenna underthe environment where there are stations operating according to theconventional protocol.

An aspect of the present invention is to provide a new frame formatinstead of the frame format for the conventional wireless LAN to providea communication system, a communication method, and a communicationapparatus capable of the space division multiplexed communication withthe coexistence with stations operating in accordance with theconventional protocol.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a communicationsystem for data communication among a plurality of communicationstations, wherein the communication system comprises a firstcommunication station transmitting to other communication stations arequest to send signal for requesting a transmission upon the start ofthe data transmission, and a plurality of second communication stationstransmitting to other communication stations a clear to send signal fornotifying the completion of preparing the reception, wherein the firstcommunication station transmits the request to send signal describing atleast each of addresses of a plurality of the second communicationstations that are desired to receive the data, and receives a pluralityof clear to send signals transmitted from each of a plurality of thesecond communication stations.

In this communication system according to the present invention, thefirst communication station transmits the request to send signaldescribing at least addresses of a plurality of the second communicationstations that are desired to receive the data, and receive a pluralityof clear to send signals transmitted from each of a plurality of thesecond communication stations. Thus, the first communication station cantransmit data to a plurality of communication stations at the same timewith the coexistence with communication stations operating in accordancewith the conventional protocol, so that a communication capacity of thenetwork can be extremely increased.

Further, the first communication station may have a plurality of antennaelements for the adaptive array antenna operation. A plurality of thesecond communication stations may transmit clear to send signalsdescribing at least the reference information known to the firstcommunication station, respectively. The first communication station maylearn weightings for the adaptive array antenna on the basis of thereference information in a plurality of the clear to send signalstransmitted from a plurality of the second communication stations,respectively.

More specifically, the first communication station obtains transferfunctions between each of antenna elements of a plurality of secondcommunication stations and each of a plurality of antenna elementsthereof on the basis of the reference information in a plurality of theclear to send signals transmitted from a plurality of the secondcommunication stations, respectively, and learns the weightings for theadaptive array antenna on the basis of the transfer functions.

This structure provides the communication by the space divisionmultiplexing between the first communication station having the adaptivearray antenna and each of a plurality of the second communicationstations with the coexistence with communication stations operating inaccordance with the conventional protocol.

Further, when receiving the clear to send signals transmitted from eachof a plurality of the second stations, the first communication stationrespectively transmits data by the space division multiplexing to aplurality of the second communication stations. Further, when receivingthe data transmitted from the first communication station, each of aplurality of the second communication stations transmits to othercommunication stations a response signal which is used to notify thatthe transmitted data is correctly received and describes at least secondreference information inherent to the second communication station knownto the first communication station.

Further, the first communication station directly learns the weightingsfor the adaptive array antenna on the basis of the second referenceinformation in a plurality of response signals respectively transmittedfrom a plurality of the second communication station. According to thisoperation, the communication system can learn weightings for theadaptive array antenna which adaptively follows the circumference changeby the first communication station with the adaptive array antenna. Inthis operation, the first communication station directly learns theweightings for the adaptive array antenna with a predetermined adaptivealgorithm. As the adaptive algorithm, the RLS algorithm may be used.

Further, a plurality of the second communication stations may transmitthe clear to send signals describing their address, respectively. Thus,though the first communication station receives a plurality of clear tosend signals, the first communication can know the station whichtransmits the received clear to send signal.

There may be transmission modes of the clear to send signal from aplurality of the second communication station as follows. As a firstmode, it is thought that each of the second communication stations maytime-divisionally transmit clear to send signals. In this mode, in thecommunication system according to the present invention, with thecoexistence with communication stations operating according to theconventional protocol, the space division multiplexing can be providedin the adaptive array antenna by addition of a new format only for theMAC layer portion without change in the physical layer. As a result,this system can be provided at a low cost because of the extremelysimple structure.

As a second mode, the clear to send signal may be formed to havegenerally two sections. The first section may describe at least aninterval where a third communication station the address of which is notdescribed in the request to send signal transmitted from the firstcommunication station must stop its communication operation. The secondsection may describe at least reference information known to the firstcommunication station. According to this structure, in the communicationsystem, after receiving the request to send signal, respectivecommunication stations can simultaneously receive the first section inthe clear to send signal, so that an erroneous start of thecommunication caused by a difference in the completion timing betweenthe received clear to send signals can be avoided.

As a third mode, the clear to send signal may be formed to havegenerally two sections. The first section may describe at least aninterval where a third communication station the address of which is notdescribed in the request to send signal transmitted from the firstcommunication station must stop its communication operation. The secondsection may describe at least reference information known to the firstcommunication station. It is thought that a plurality of the secondcommunication stations may transmit the second sections at the same timeafter transmission of the first sections at the same time. In thecommunication system according to the present invention, this structurereduces an occupation interval of the clear to send signal, so that theoverhead can be eliminated.

Further, each of the first communication station and a plurality of thesecond communication stations is configured to carry out wirelesscommunications, and the communication system according to the presentinvention is suitable for applying to wireless LAN systems.

A further aspect according to the present invention provides acommunication method among a plurality of communication stations,wherein upon a data transmission, a first communication stationtransmits a request to send signal for requesting transmission to otherstation, the request to send signal describing at least addresses of aplurality of second communication stations that are desired to receivethe data. When receiving a request to send signal transmitted from thefirst communication station, each of a plurality of the secondcommunication stations transmits a clear to send signal notifying thecompletion of preparing the reception to other communications.

In this communication method, the first communication station maytransmit to other stations a request to send signal describing at leastaddresses of a plurality of second communication stations that aredesired to receive the data and receive a plurality of clear to sendsignals respectively transmitted from a plurality of secondcommunication stations. Thus, it is possible to transmit data to aplurality of the communication stations at the same time with theconsistence with the communication stations operating in accordance withthe conventional protocol, so that a communication capacity of thenetwork can be extremely increased.

A still further aspect according to the present invention provides acommunication apparatus for transmitting data to other communicationstations, wherein the communication apparatus comprises data processingmeans for generating a request to send signal requesting transmission toother communication station upon data transmission and describing atleast addresses of a plurality of communication stations requested toreceive the data, and communication means for transmitting the requestto send signal.

In this communication apparatus, the request to send signal describingaddresses of a plurality of communication stations that are desired toreceive data is transmitted, so that with the coexistence with thecommunication stations operating according to the conventional protocol,the data can be transmitted to a plurality of communication stations atthe same time. Thus, the use of the communication apparatus as acommunication station for transmitting data provides a network of anextremely increased communication capacity.

Further, the communication apparatus is provided for transmitting datato other communication stations, wherein the communication apparatuscomprises data processing means for generating a request to send signalrequesting transmission to other communication stations upon datatransmission and describing at least addresses of a plurality ofcommunication stations that are desired to receive data and, dataprocessing means for transmitting the clear to send signal for notifyingthe completion of preparing the reception to the communication stationof the transmission source.

The communication apparatus of the present invention receives therequest to send signal describing addresses of a plurality ofcommunication station requested to receive the data and generates aclear to send signal in accordance with this, so that the data can betransmitted to a plurality of communication stations at the same timewith the coexistence with communication stations operating according tothe conventional protocol. Thus, the use of the communication apparatusfor receiving data makes it possible to provide a setting up of anetwork having an extremely increased communication capacity.

A further aspect according to the present invention provides acommunication system in which new frame formats for the RTS (Request ToSend) signal, the CTS (Clear To Send) signal and the ACK (Acknowledge)signal are proposed, and the access point transmits the RTS signaldescribing at least addresses of a plurality of stations requested toreceive data and receives a plurality of CTS signals transmitted from aplurality of stations, so that the space division multiplexingcommunication can be provided between the access point with the adaptivearray antenna and a plurality of stations with the coexistent with thestation operating according to the conventional protocol.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The object and features of the present invention will become morereadily apparent from the following detailed description taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings and the same or correspondingelements or parts are designated with like references throughout thedrawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a communication system according to oneembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an access point in the communication systemshown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of each station in the communication systemshown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a format for an RTS signal according torelated art;

FIG. 5 is an illustration of a format for a CTS signal according torelated art;

FIG. 6 is an illustration of a format for an RTS signal according to afirst embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an illustration of a format for a CTS signal according to thefirst embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an illustration of a format for an ACK signal according to thefirst embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a time chart illustrating a protocol according to the firstembodiment;

FIG. 10A is an illustration of a former half part of the format for theRTS signal according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10B is an illustration of a latter half part of the format for theRTS signal according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11A is an illustration of a former half part of the format for theCTS signal according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11B is an illustration of a latter half part of the format for theCTS signal according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a time chart illustrating the protocol according to thesecond embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a time chart illustrating the protocol according to a thirdembodiment; and

FIG. 14 is a time chart illustrating the protocol according to therelated art in a wireless LAN according to the IEEE 802.11 standard.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present inventionwill be described with reference to the attached drawings.

This embodiment provides a communication system preferable in theapplication to a wireless LAN according to the IEEE (Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 standard. Particularly,this communication system provides a space division multiplexingcommunication between an access point AP having an adaptive arrayantenna and a plurality of stations with the coexistence with stationsoperating according to the conventional protocol. This is provided bynew frame formats for a request to send signal (RTS) for requestingtransmission to other communication stations from a communicationstation to start the data transmission, the clear to send signal (CTS)for notifying the completion of preparing the reception to othercommunication stations from the communication station requested toreceive the data, and the acknowledgement signal (ACK) for notifyingfrom the communication station receiving the data to other communicationstations that the transmitted data has been correctly received.

First, a first embodiment is described. In a communication systemaccording to the first embodiment, a plurality of stations receiving theRTS signal transmitted from the access point time-divisionally returnCTS signals, respectively. Further, in this communication system, whileforming the directivity through learning the weightings for the equippedadaptive array antenna, the access point obtains the transfer functionsbetween each of the antenna elements of stations and its own adaptivearray antenna on the basis of the time-divided CTS signals and then,obtains the weightings for the adaptive array antenna at the firstlearning. At and after the second learning, the access point directlyobtains the weightings for the adaptive array antenna on the basis of aplurality of the ACK signals which are space division multiplexed.

In this communication system, for example as shown in FIG. 1, a networkis set up by forming between at least one or more than one accesspoints, that is, the access points AP₁, and AP₂ coupled to apredetermined wired network cable NT, such as Ethernet (Trade mark), anda plurality of stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, STA₁₃, STA₁₄, and STA₂₁. Each ofthe stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, STA₁₃, STA₁₄, and STA₂₁ determines one accesspoint to which each of them belongs in accordance with the IEEE 802.11standard, and thus they belong to one access point. In this example,each of the stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, STA₁₃, and STA₁₄ belongs to theaccess point AP₁, and the station STA₂₁ belongs to the access point AP₂.Each of the access points AP₁ and AP₂ includes, a plurality of antennaelements 10 ₁, 10 ₂, 10 ₃, - - - as communication means and a dataprocessing section 15 coupled to these antenna elements 10 ₁, 10 ₂, 10₃, - - - as a data processing means as shown in FIG. 2, and isconfigured to be able to carry out processing for an array antenna.

In each of the antenna elements 10 ₁, 10 ₂, 10 ₃, - - - , an antenna 11is coupled to a transmission processing section 13 and a receptionprocessing section 14 through a duplexer 12. The transmission processingsection 13 effects various processes including an A/D conversion, amodulation, or the like to the base band signal supplied from the dataprocessing section 15 and further converts it into, for example, an RF(Radio Frequency) signal and then, supplies the RF signal to theduplexer 12. In this case, as the physical layer operating in the MAC(Media Access Control) defined by the IEEE 802.11 standard, a physicallayer according to the IEEE 802.11a standard is adopted. According tothis, as the modulation method, the so-called Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation method is adopted. On the otherhand, the reception processing section 14 converts the received signalinto an RF signal and supplies a base band signal provided throughvarious processes such as D/A conversion or demodulation to the dataprocessing section 15.

The data processing section 15 executes processes at respective layersin the media access control method provided in this communicationsystem, such as generating, for example, the RTS signal describingvarious information mentioned later. In this operation, the dataprocessing section 15 forms a directivity pattern through learning ofthe weightings for the adaptive array antenna on the basis of thereception signals respectively supplied from a plurality of antennaelements 10 ₁, 10 ₂, 10 ₃, - - - to function the antenna elements 10 ₁,10 ₂, 10 ₃, - - - as an adaptive array antenna. In addition, the dataprocessing section 15 weights the data to be transmitted through each ofa plurality of antenna elements 10 ₁, 10 ₂, 10 ₃, - - - on the basis ofthe same weighting pattern as that for reception.

On the other hand, each of the stations STA₁₁, STA₁₃, STA₁₄, and STA₂₁includes, as shown in FIG. 3, only one antenna element 20 and a dataprocessing section 25 as a data processing means coupled to this antennaelement. The antenna element 20 is constructed similarly to each of theabove-described antenna elements 10 ₁, 10 ₂, 10 ₃, - - - , wherein theantenna 21 is coupled to a transmission processing section 23 and to areception processing section 24 through a duplexer 22. Further, the dataprocessing section 25 executes processes at respective layers in themedia access control method equipped in this communication system suchas generating the CTS signal or the ACK signal describing various typesof information mentioned later.

In this communication system, new Frame formats for the RTS signal, theCTS signal, and the ACK signal are proposed as follows. First, forcomparison, the conventional RTS signal, CTS signal, and ACK signal willbe described.

FIG. 4 shows the format of the conventional RTS signal. The conventionalRTS signal includes a Frame Control formed of two octets, a Durationformed of two octets, and a Receiver Address RA and a TransmitterAddress TA respectively formed of six octets, and a Frame Check SequenceFCS formed of four octets.

The Frame Control has a subdivided format to represent various types ofinformation, such as a type of the packet, a version of the protocol,the presence or the absence of re-transmission, the route information ofthe data. The Frame Control is included in the CTS signal, the ACKsignal, and general data frames in addition to the RTS signal and iscommonly used among all frames.

The Duration is provided to specify a time interval. The communicationstations including the access point and respective stations can know thetime interval where the communication operation is inhibited on thebasis of the time interval described in the Duration when its address isnot described at the Receiver Address RA. More specifically, a countervalue called NAV (Network Allocation Vector), namely, a NAV countervalue, is set in the Duration. The Duration is commonly used among theCTS signal, the ACK signal, and general data frames in addition to theRTS signal.

The Receiver Address RA represents the address of a communicationstation that are desired to receive the data. The Transmitter Address TArepresents the address of the communication station which transmits thedata.

The Frame Check Sequence FCS describes 32 bits of CRC (Cyclic RedundancyCheck) data. The communication station which receives the datacalculates the Frame Check Sequence. Upon disagreement of thecalculation result with the transmitted Frame Check Sequence, thiscommunication station scraps the frame as a destroyed frame, andreceives only correct MAC packets to execute processing them.

FIG. 5 illustrates formats of the conventional CTS signal and the ACKsignal. The conventional CTS signal and ACK signal have the same format.That is, the conventional CTS signal and ACK signal each include twooctets of Frame Control, two octets of Duration, six octets of ReceiverAddress, and four octets of Frame Check Sequence FCS. Here, theseelements in the format are the same as those in the RTS signal inmeaning. Among them, the Receiver Address is data obtained by copyingthe Transmitter Address value described in the RTS signal received byeach station. Difference between the CTS signal or the ACK signal andthe RTS signal is the absence of the Transmitter Address.

The formats of the conventional RTS signal, CTS signal, and ACK signalare as mentioned above. Here, inconvenient matters are studied if theseconventional RTS signal, CTS signal and ACK signal would be applied toan adaptive array antenna.

First, in the wireless LAN according to the IEEE 802.11 standard, datais received generally by one communication station. Thus, in theconventional RTS signal, only an address of one communication address isdescribed in the Receiver Address. However, if it is assumed that theadaptive array antenna is adopted, because there is necessity to call aplurality of stations from an access point with the RTS signal, it isinconvenient if only one Receiver Address is provided.

Further, when the adaptive array antenna is adopted, it is necessary toknow the station which transmits the CTS signal and the ACK signalbecause the weightings for the adaptive array antenna should be learnedwith a plurality of CTS signals and a plurality of ACK signals.

Then, in order to remove the inconvenient matters with the conventionalRTS signal, CTS signal, and ACK signal, in the preset invention, newformats are proposed for the RTS signal, the CTS signal, and ACK signalas shown in FIGS. 6 to 8. More specifically, the new RTS signalincludes, as shown in FIG. 6, a new part hatched in the drawing inaddition to two octets of Frame Control, two octets of Duration, sixoctets of a Receiver Address and a Transmitter Address, and four octetsof a Frame Check Sequence.

The format of the new part includes a MANUM, a plurality of ReceiverAddresses (RA2, RA3, RA4, - - - ) and a Frame Check Sequence (FCS2). TheMANUM represents the number of stations operating in the space divisionmultiplexing with the adaptive array antenna. Preferably, the numberdescribed in the MANUM is generally around four.

The number described in the MANUM minus one are provided for theReceiver Addresses (RA2, RA3, RA4, - - - ) in the format. That is, whenthe adaptive array antenna is adopted, it is necessary to specify aplurality of the destinations to request responses with the CTS signalsto a plurality of stations operating in the space division multiplexing,so that a plurality of the Receiver Addresses should be provided at thenumber of stations operating in the space division multiplexing. Forexample, in the case of the format shown in FIG. 6, it is possible tospecify four stations for the space division multiplexing.

The Frame Check Sequence FCS2 is CRC check data for the added formatportions.

As mentioned above, the new proposed RTS signal includes theconventional format at the former half part and new data elements areadded at the latter half part. This format is made to provide thecoexistence with the conventional station that can interpret onlyconventional RTS signal.

That is, if the conventional station that can interpret onlyconventional RTS signal receives the RTS signal shown in FIG. 6, afterexecution of the CRC checking on the basis of the Frame Check SequenceFCS at the former half part, the conventional station sets a countervalue for NAV on the basis of the Duration to stop communicationoperation for this time interval. In this case, the conventional type ofstation is not specified at the Receiver Addresses (RA2, RA3, RA4, - - -) at the latter half part of the newly added portion. That is, becausethe access point corresponding to the new format executes the spacedivision multiplexing toward only the stations corresponding to the newformat portion, the address of the conventional type of station is notdescribed at the Receiver Addresses (RA2, RA3, RA4, - - - ) at thelatter half part in the format. Thus, when receiving the new type of RTSsignal, the conventional type of station always operates as otherstation that is not a destination and disregards the latter half parthaving any format, but stops communication operations with setting thecounter value for NAV on the basis of the Duration at the former halfformat part. This structure provides the coexistence with theconventional type of station without problems because the conventionaltype of the station only executes the same process as the conventionalsystem using only the former half part of the RTS signal.

Next, the proposed new CTS signal includes, as shown in FIG. 7, a newpart hatched in the drawing is added to two octets of Frame Control, twooctets of Duration, six octets of a Receiver Address, and four octets ofa Frame Check Sequence. More specifically, the CTS signal includes, atthe newly added format portion, a Transmitter Address TA, a Frame CheckSequence FCS2, and an RANDPAT. The Transmitter Address TA describes theaddress of the communication station transmitting the CTS signal. TheFrame Check Sequence FCS2 is CRC check data for the newly addedTransmitter Address.

The RANDPAT represents reference information known to the communicationstation that transmits the RTS signal and is a random sequence used forobtaining the transfer functions for the adaptive array antenna by thecommunication station receiving the CTS signal, that is, thecommunication station transmitted the RTS signal. The RANDPAT includesabout ten OFDM symbols of information. Thus, if four CTS signals arereturned, it takes at least an interval of forty OFDM symbols. Further,because the RANDPAT is used only for obtaining the transfer functions,it may be a random sequence common to all CTS signals. Here, thisRANDPAT is not subjected to parity checking. This is because though theRANDPAT is defined in the MAC layer, it is used in the physical layer.

As mentioned above, the new CTS signal, like the RTS signal, includesthe conventional format at the former half part and new data elementsare added at the latter half part. This format is made to provide thecoexistence with the conventional type of station that can interpretonly the conventional RTS signal as mentioned above.

Next, the new ACK signal includes, as shown in FIG. 8, a new parthatched in the drawing in addition to two octets of a Frame Control, twooctets of a Duration, six octets of a Receiver Address, and four octetsof a Frame Check Sequence. More specifically, the ACK signal includes,at the newly added format portion, a Transmitter Address TA, a FrameCheck Sequence FCS2, and an RANDPAT. That is, the ACK signal is formedsimilarly to the CTS signal basically, but there is a difference at theRANDPAT.

More specifically, at the RANDPAT in the ACK signal, different inherentrandom sequences are described for stations specified at the ReceiverAddresses (RA, RA2, RA3, RA4, - - - ) in the RTS signals, respectively,such that the RAND 1 sequence is described at the RANDPAT for thestation specified at the Receiver Address RA in the RTS signal, and theRAND 2 sequence is described at the RANDPAT for the station specified atthe Receiver Address RA2. Further, this RANDPAT is different from theRANDPAT in the CTS signal in the length of a random sequence. Morespecifically, because the learning of the weightings for the adaptivearray antenna with the ACK signal is rather directed to adaptivelytracking changes in circumstances, the RANDPAT in the ACK signal isallowed to have a shorter random sequence length than the RANDPAT in theCTS signal, so that about four OFDM symbols of random sequence data issufficient in length. The ACK signal is transmitted and received betweena plurality of pieces of data (Fragments) and thus, the ACK signal istransmitted and received frequently. Thus, it is difficult to learn theweightings for the adaptive array antenna with a lengthy random sequenceas in the CTS signal and a lengthy random sequence is unnecessarybecause it is provided only for adaptively tracking the change incircumstances.

This communication system, using the RTS signal, the CTS signal, and theACK signal having the frame formats as mentioned above, executescommunication in accordance with the following protocol. Here, forconvenience of explanation, it is assumed that out of four stationsSTA₁₁, STA₁₂, STA₁₃, and STA₁₄, the station STA₁₄ is the conventionaltype of station that cannot deal with the new format, other threestations multiplexing as second communication stations, and the accesspoint AP₁ operates as the first communication station trying to transmitand receives data.

In this communication system, as shown in FIG. 9, the access point AP₁senses the carrier in advance and transmits the RTS signal uponconfirming that other stations or other access points are duringnon-communication. At this stage, the adaptive array antenna isnon-directional because the weightings are not learned and thus, the RTSsignal is transmitted with a given antenna though there are a pluralityof antenna elements 10 ₁, 10 ₂, and 10 ₃. The RTS signal has the formatas mentioned above and shown in FIG. 6, in which the addresses ofstations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ are written as the candidates for thespace division multiplexing at the three Receiver Addresses RA, RA2, andRA3, respectively.

On the other hand, in response to the RTS signal transmitted from theaccess point AP₁, the conventional type station STA₁₄ sets the value inthe Duration in the RTS signal to the NAV counter value NAV (RTS) as astandby interval to stop communication operations.

After this, in the communication system, the stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, andSTA₁₃ receiving the RTS signal as destinations time-divisionally returnCTS signals CTS0, CTS1, and CTS2 to avoid overlap in time base. In thisoperation, the station STA₁₁ requested to first return the CTS signalreturns the CTS signal CTS0 after a predetermined interval SIFS (ShortInter Frame Space) elapsed upon receiving the RTS signal. The order ofreturning a plurality of the CTS signals depends on the order of theReceiver Addresses in the RTS signal. More specifically, in thiscommunication system, the station STA₁₁, described at the ReceiverAddress RA in the RTS signal, returns the CTS signal at first. Thestation STA₁₂, described at the Receiver Address RA2 in the RTS signal,returns the CTS signal at second. The station STA₁₃, described at theReceiver Address RA3 in the RTS signal, returns the CTS signal at third.

Here, in this communication system, because the space divisionmultiplexing is not executed at this stage, this operation does notaffect the processes defined in the physical layer such assynchronization or obtaining the modulation method with the preamble inthe physical layer. Each of the CTS signals has the format shown in FIG.7, wherein addresses of the source stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ aredescribed at the Transmitter Address of the CTS signals, respectively,so that the access point AP₁ can know the station which transmits eachof the received CTS signals. Then, the access point AP₁ obtains thetransfer functions between each of antenna elements 20 equipped in thestations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ and each of a plurality of antennaelements 10 ₁, 10 ₂, and 10 ₃ on the basis of a plurality of CTS signalsreceived and thus, can synthesize the weightings on the obtainedtransfer functions. Further, the access point AP₁ can instantaneouslyjudges combinations capable of the space division multiplexing byobtaining the transfer functions on the basis of a plurality of CTSsignals.

On the other hand, in response to the CTS signals transmitted from therespective stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃, the conventional typestation STA₁₄ sets the value in the Duration in the CTS signal to theNAV counter values NAV (CTS0), NAV (CTS1), and NAV (CTS2) as standbyintervals to stop communication operations. Further, it is necessary todescribe at the Duration in respective CTS signals such values that thecounter values expire at the same time.

The access point AP₁ functions as an adaptive array antenna by learningthe weightings for the adaptive array antenna. That is, when apredetermined interval SIFS elapsed after reception of the last CTSsignal (CTS2), the access point AP₁ starts transmission of dataincluding Fragment 0-0, Fragment 1-0, and Fragment 2-0 by the spacedivision multiplexing to respective stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃with a plurality of antenna elements 10 ₁, 10 ₂, and 10 ₃.

In response to this, respective stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ returnrespective ACK signals ACK 0-0, ACK 1-0, ACK 2-0 at the same time when apredetermined interval SIFS elapsed after the completion of the datatransmission from the access point AP₁. The ACK signal has the format asearlier shown in FIG. 8 in which the addresses of stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂,and STA₁₃ are described as transmission sources at the TransmitterAddress TA, so that the access point AP₁ can know the station whichtransmits the received ACK signal.

Then, the access point AP₁ directly learns the weightings for theadaptive array antenna with a predetermined adaptive algorithm such asthe so-called RLS (Recursive Least Square) on the basis of the RANDPATin a plurality of the received ACK signals.

On the other hand, in response to the transmission of data from theaccess point AP₁, the conventional type station STA₁₄ sets the timeinterval described at the Duration in the data to the NAV counter valueNAV (Fragment 0) as a standby interval to stop communication operations.Further, in response to the transmission of the ACK signals fromrespective stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃, the conventional typestation STA₁₄ sets the time intervals described at the Duration of theACK signals to the NAV counter value NAV (ACK 0) to stop communicationoperations.

In this communication system, according to the protocol mentioned above,the communication is carried out with the newly proposed RTS signal, CTSsignal, and ACK signal to provide the space division multiplexing withthe adoptive array antenna.

There are mainly two reasons for time-divisionally returning the CTSsignals. The first reason is that it is easy to know the station whichis an obstacle to the space division multiplexing. That is, if it isassumed that a plurality of CTS signals are instantaneously received andthe weightings are learned for the adaptive array antenna, it isnecessary to assign inherent random sequences to the CTS signals,respectively. Further, as a result of the learning, if theSignal-to-Interference-plus Noise Ratio (SINR) is insufficient, it wouldbe difficult to clearly judge the station which should be deleted fromthe candidates of the space division multiplexing. On the other hand, inthe method in which the CTS signals are time-divisionally returned, itis sufficient to assign the common random sequence to respective CTSsignals. Further if the SINR is insufficient, it is possible to easilyjudge the station which should be deleted from the candidates of thespace division multiplexing.

The second reason is that if a plurality of CTS signals are transmittedat the same time at the initial stage, there is a possibility thatsynchronization and demodulation of various data at the preamble in thephysical layer become difficult. That is, there is a possibility that itbecomes difficult to read the information of the modulation method orthe like described at the header in the physical layer becomesdifficult. More specifically, if it is assumed that the CTS signals arereceived at the same time from the initial stage, and the weightings forthe adaptive array antenna are directly learned with a predeterminedadaptive algorithm such as the RSL algorithm, there are many problems insynchronizing, the format in the physical layer (modification of theformat is required), or the like. On the other hand, in the method ofreturning the CTS signals time-divisionally, no change is necessary forthe physical layer, so that various types of information at the physicallayer can be obtained in the same processing as the conventional method.

As mentioned above, in the communication system, the change is limitedto returning the CTS signals time-divisionally, and to acquire thetransfer functions on the basis of the CTS signals. Thus, troubles inthe actual use of apparatuses can be reduced, and there is no change inthe physical layer, so that a simple system structure can be provided.

As mentioned above, in the communication system according to the firstembodiment of the present invention, a plurality of stations STA₁₁,STA₁₂, and STA₁₃, that receive the RTS signal transmitted from theaccess point AP₁ time-divisionally return the CTS signals, and theaccess point AP₁ learns the weightings for the equipped adaptive arrayantenna to form the directivity. During this, at the first learning, theweightings for the adaptive array antenna are obtained by acquiring thetransfer functions on the basis of the RANDPAT in a plurality of thetime-divided CTS signals. At or after the second learning, theweightings for the adaptive array antenna is directly obtained on thebasis of the RANDPAT in a plurality of ACK signals which are spacedivision multiplexed. Thus, while the coexistence with the stationoperating according to the conventional protocol is possible, the spacedivision multiplexing in the downlink transmission from the access pointAP₁ to the stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ can be provided so that thecommunication capacity of the network can be extremely increased.

Further, in this communication system, though the coexistence with thestation operating according to the conventional protocol is possible,the space division multiplexing is provided with the adaptive arrayantenna only by adding a new format only in the MAC layer withoutmodification in the physical layer. Thus, because the structure is madeextremely simple, this system can be provided at a low cost.

Now, a second embodiment is described. In the communication systemaccording to the second embodiment, the CTS signal of the firstembodiment with the format shown in FIG. 1 is divided into a former halfpart (first half part) and a latter half part (second half part). Aplurality of the stations receiving the RTS signal transmitted from theaccess point AP₁, return the former half part at the same time andtime-divisionally return the latter half part. Here, the communicationsystem according to the second embodiment is provided in the samenetwork in structure as that shown in FIG. 1, and the access points andstations have the same structures as those shown in FIGS. 2 and 3,respectively. Thus, the corresponding parts to the first embodiment aredesignated with the same references and thus, the detailed descriptionsare omitted.

First, prior to describing the communication system according to thesecond embodiment, the progress leading to develop this communicationsystem will be described. The CTS signal with the format according tothe first embodiment shown in FIG. 7 can be generally divided into theformer half part having the same structure as the conventional CTSsignal representing at least the Duration and the latter half part addedto acquire mainly the transmission functions of the adaptive arrayantenna.

In this case, the station that does not execute the space divisionmultiplexing can know the interval to stop communication operations.However, these communication stations may start the communicationoperation with presumption that there is a vacant channel because ittakes a long time from the reception of the RTS signal if the stationcan receive only the last or latter CTS signal such as the CTS signalCTS2 shown in FIG. 9 because the CTS signals are time-divisionallyreturned. That is, these stations stop the communication operation withsetting the NAV counter value NAV (RTS) in response to the reception ofthe RTS signal. However, if it takes long time to receive the CTSsignal, the set NAV counter value NAV (RTS) becomes zero, so that thecommunication operation may be started without setting NAV counter valueNAV (CTS) for the CTS signal.

Then, in the communication system according to the second embodiment, anew format is proposed in which the CTS signal is divided into theformer half part and the latter half part, and the former half partseach describing at least the Duration are returned at the same time andthe latter half parts each describing at least the RANDPAT aretime-divisionally returned to solve such a problem. Specifically, theframe formats for the RTS signal and the CTS signals used in thiscommunication system are proposed as shown in FIGS. 10A, 10B, 11A, and11B.

The newly proposed RTS signal, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, isgenerally divided into a former half part having the same structure asthe conventional RTS signal and the newly added latter half part. Morespecifically, the former half part of the RTS signal includes, as shownin FIG. 10A, two octets of a Frame Control, two octets of a Duration,six octets of a Receiver Address RA and a Transmitter Address TA, andfour octets of a Frame Check Sequence FCS. The latter half part of theRTS signal includes, as shown in FIG. 10B, the MANUM, and a plurality ofthe Receiver Address RA2, RA3, RA4, - - - , and the Frame Check SequenceFCS2. Here, these elements in the format are the same as those describedabove in meaning. Hereinafter, the former half part shown in FIG. 10A isreferred to as an RTS 802.11 signal and the latter part is referred toas an RTSadd signal. These RTS 802.11 signal and the RTSadd signal aretransmitted in separate physical packets, respectively.

Further, as shown in FIG. 11A, the newly proposed CTS signal isgenerally divided into a former half part with the same structure as theconventional CTS signal and a newly added latter half part. Morespecifically, the former half part of the CTS signal includes, as shownin FIG. 11A, two octets of the Frame Control, two octets of theDuration, six octets of the Receiver Address RA, and four octets of theFrame Check Sequence FCS. The latter half part of the CTS signalincludes, as shown in FIG. 11B, a Transmitter Address TA, a Frame CheckSequence FCS2, and a RANDPAT. Here, these elements in the format are thesame as those described above in meaning. Hereinafter, the former halfpart shown in FIG. 11A is referred to as a CTS 802.11 signal and thelatter half part is referred to as a CTSadd signal. These CTS 802.11signal and the CTSadd signal are transmitted in individual physicalpackets, respectively. Here, the ACK signal has the same structure asthat shown in FIG. 8.

This communication system, using the RTS signal, the CTS signal and theACK signal having the frame formats as mentioned above, executes thecommunication in accordance with the following protocol. For convenienceof explanation, it is also assumed that out of four stations STA₁₁,STA₁₂, STA₁₃, and STA₁₄, the station STA₁₄ is the conventional type ofstation that cannot deal with the new format, the other three stationsSTA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ operate in the space division multiplexing assecond communication stations, and the access point AP₁ operates as thefirst communication station trying to transmit and receive the data.

In this communication system, as shown in FIG. 12, the access point AP₁senses the carrier in advance and transmits the RTS signal uponconfirming that other station or other access points are notcommunicating. After this, the RTS 802.11 signal and the RTSadd signalsare transmitted in individual physical packets. Here, as mentionedearlier, at this stage, the adaptive array antenna is non-directionalbecause the weightings are not learned. The RTS signal has the format asmentioned above and shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, in which addresses ofstations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, STA₁₃ are written as the candidates for the spacedivision multiplexing at the three Receiver Addresses RA, RA2, and RA3,respectively.

On the other hand, in response to the RTS 802.11 signal and the RTSaddsignal transmitted from the access point AP₁, the conventional type ofthe station STA₁₄ sets the value in the Duration in the RTS 802.11signal to the NAV counter value NAV (RTS) as a standby interval to stopcommunication operations.

After this, in the communication system, the stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, andSTA₁₃ as destinations receiving the RST 802.11 signal and the RTSaddsignal return the CTS 802.11 signals including CTS0 802.11, CTS1 802.11,and CTS2 802.11 as shown in FIG. 11A at the same time, after apredetermined interval SIFS from the reception of the RTSadd signals arereceived. The access point AP₁ receives a plurality of CTS 802.11signals transmitted at the same time.

Here, at this stage, because the access point AP₁, as described above,does not operate as the adaptive array antenna, it is necessary toreceive a plurality of CTS 802.11 signals at the same time with oneantenna element. Thus, if reception is made as it is, the reception ofthese signals may become impossible because of collisions among aplurality of CTS signals. To enable such reception, the following threeconditions should be satisfied.

The three conditions are that a) the OFDM modulation method is adoptedas a modulation method, b) the oscillators in stations STA_(1I), STA₁₂,and STA₁₃ operate so as to compensate frequency differences from thatused in the access point AP₁, and c) the CTS 802.11 signals returnedfrom stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ have the same data.

Here, a plurality of CTS 802.11 signals have the same content asindicted in FIG. 11A and the OFDM modulation method is adapted.Therefore, if the stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ operate so as tocompensate differences in clock from the access point AP₁ upon receptionof the RTS signal, with that the deviation is within the guard interval,these plural waves can be received with one antenna element at the sametime, as similar to the process for delayed waves, though a plurality ofCTS 802.11 signals including the same contents are transmitted.

On the other hand, the conventional type of the station STA₁₄ receives aplurality of CTS 802.11 signals transmitted from the stations STA₁₁,STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ at the same time. This reception is possible because ofthe above-mentioned reason. In response to the CTS 802.11 signalstransmitted from the respective stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃, theconventional type of the station STA₁₄ sets the value in the Duration inthe CTS 802.11 signal to the NAV counter values NAV (CTS) as a standbyinterval to stop communication operations. In this operation, adifference in setting timings of the NAV counter values does not occurbecause the CTS 802.11 signals are returned at the same time and thus,the CTS 802.11 signals can be received at the same time.

After this, the stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ receiving the RST802.11 signal return CTSadd signals including CTS0 add, CTS1 add, andCTS2 add time-divisionally to avoid overlap in time base. The CTSaddsignal has the format as earlier shown in FIG. 11B in which theaddresses of the stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃, are written as thetransmission sources at the Transmitter Addresses TA, so that the accesspoint AP₁ can know the station which transmits the received CTS signal.

Then, the access point AP₁ obtains transfer functions between each ofantenna elements 20 of the stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ and each ofa plurality of its antenna elements 10 ₁, 10 ₂, and 10 ₃ on the basis ofthe RANDPAT in a plurality of the received CTSadd signals andsynthesizes the weightings on the basis of the obtained transferfunctions. With this, the access point AP₁ functions as an adaptivearray antenna. That is, when a predetermined interval SIFS elapsed afterreception of the last CTSadd signal including CTS2 add, the access pointAP₁ starts transmitting data (Fragment 0-0, Fragment 1-0, and Fragment2-0) by the space division multiplexing to respective stations STA₁₁,STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ with a plurality of antenna elements 10 ₁, 10 ₂, and 10₃.

The operation after this is the same as the description earlier madewith FIG. 9. Respective stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ return ACKsignals including ACK 0-0, ACK 1-0, and ACK 2-0 at the same time when apredetermined interval SIFS elapsed after completion of the datatransmission from the access point AP₁. The access point AP₁ directlylearns the weightings of the adaptive array antenna with a predeterminedadaptive algorithm such as the RLS algorithm on the basis of the RANDPATin a plurality of the received ACK signals.

Further, in response to the data transmitted from the access point AP₁,the conventional type of station STA₁₄ sets the time interval describedat the Duration in the data to the NAV counter value NAV (Fragment 0) asa standby interval to stop communication operations. Further, inresponse to the transmission of the ACK signals from respective stationsSTA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃, the conventional type of station STA₁₄ sets thetime interval described at the Duration of the ACK signals to the NAVcounter value NAV (ACK0) to stop communication operations.

In this communication system, according to the protocol mentioned above,communication is carried out with the newly proposed RTS signal, CTSsignal, and ACK signal to provide the space division multiplexing withthe adoptive array antenna.

As mentioned above, in the communication system, because the CTS 802.11signals are transmitted at the same time and the CTSadd signals aretime-divisionally returned, so that troubles in installation can bereduced, and there is no change in the physical layer, with a resultthat a simple system structure can be provided.

As mentioned above, in the communication system according to the secondembodiment of the present invention, a plurality of stations STA₁₁,STA₁₂, and STA₁₃, receiving the CTS 802.11 signal transmitted from theaccess point AP₁ return the CTS 802.11 signals and time-divisionallyreturn the CTSadd signals. The access point AP₁ learns the weightingsfor the equipped adaptive array antenna to form the directivity. Duringthis, at the first learning, the weightings for the adaptive arrayantenna are obtained by acquiring the transfer functions on the basis ofthe RANDPAT in a plurality of the time-divided CTS signals. At or afterthe second learning, the weightings for the adaptive array antenna isdirectly obtained on the basis of the RANDPAT in a plurality of ACKsignals which are space division multiplexed. Thus, while thecoexistence with the station operating according to the conventionalprotocol is possible, the space division multiplexing in the downlinkcommunication from the access point AP₁ to the stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂,and STA₁₃ can be provided, so that the communication capacity of thenetwork can be extremely increased.

Further, in this communication system, like the first embodiment, thoughthe coexistence with the station operating according to the conventionalprotocol is possible, the space division multiplexing is provided withthe adaptive array antenna only by addition of a new format only in theMAC layer without modification in the physical layer. Thus, the system,having an extremely simple structure can be provided at a low cost.

In addition, in this communication system, after receiving the RTSsignal, respective stations can receive the CTS 802.11 signals at thesame time. This structure eliminates the problem about difference in thereception timing of the CTS signals to avoid carelessly starting acommunication.

Now, a third embodiment is described. In the communication systemaccording to the third embodiment, the CTSadd signals having the formatshown in FIG. 11B are transmitted at the same time in addition to theCTS 802.11 signals having the format shown in FIG. 11A. Further, in thiscommunication system, during the formation of the directivity throughlearning the weightings for the adaptive array antenna, the access pointAP₁ does not obtain the transfer functions on the basis of a pluralityof the CTSadd signals which are space division multiplexed, but directlyobtains the weightings for the adaptive array antenna on the basis of aplurality of CTSadd signals which are space division multiplexed.

Here, the communication system according to the third embodiment isprovided in the same network in structure as that shown in FIG. 1, andthe access points and stations have the same structures as those shownin FIGS. 2 and 3, respectively. Further, the format of the RTS signal isthe same as that shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B and the format of the CTSsignal is the same as that shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B. Thus, thecorresponding parts to the first and embodiments are designated with thesame references and thus, the detailed descriptions are omitted.

In the communication system according to the third embodiment, returningthe CTSadd signals at the same time in addition to the CTS 802.11signals eliminates the overhead due to the time-divisional transmissionin the communication systems according to the first and secondembodiments.

More specifically, the RTS signals and the CTS signals transmitted andreceived in this communication system are the same as those shown inFIGS. 10A, 10B, 11A and 11B, and the ACK signal have the same structureas that shown in FIG. 8. However, at the portion of the RANDPAT in theCTS signal, the random sequence is not common to all CTS signals, butinherent random sequences different from each station are written todirectly learn the weightings for the adaptive array antenna on thebasis of the RANDPAT in the CTS signal with a predetermined adaptivealgorithm such as the RSL algorithm or the like.

This communication system, using the RTS signal, the CTS signal, and theACK signal having the frame formats as mentioned above, executescommunication in accordance with the following protocol. Here, forconvenience of explanation, it is also assumed that out of four stationsSTA₁₁, STA₁₂, STA₁₃, and STA₁₄, the station STA₁₄ is the conventionaltype of station that cannot deal with the new format, other threestations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ operate in the space divisionmultiplexing as the second communication stations, and the access pointAP₁ as the first communication station tries to transmit and receivesdata.

In this communication system, as shown in FIG. 13, the access point AP₁senses the carrier in advance and transmits the RTS signal uponconfirming that other station or other access points are notcommunicating. After this, the RTS 802.11 signal and the RTSadd signalare transmitted in individual physical packets. Here, as mentionedearlier, at this stage, the adaptive array antenna is non-directionalbecause the weightings are not learned. The RTS signal has the format asmentioned above and shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, in which the addressesof stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ are written as the candidates forthe space division multiplexing at the three Receiver Addresses RA, RA2,and RA3, respectively.

On the other hand, in response to the RTS 802.11 signal and RTSaddsignal transmitted from the access point AP₁, the conventional type ofthe station STA₁₄ sets the value in Duration in the RTS 802.11 signal tothe NAV counter value NAV(RTS) as a standby interval to stopcommunication operations. After this, in the communication system, thestations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ as destinations receiving the RST802.11 signal and the RTSadd signal return the CTS 802.11 signalsincluding CTS0 802.11, CTS1 802.11, and CTS2 802.11 at the same time.The access point AP₁ receives a plurality of the CTS 802.11 signalstransmitted at the same time. Here, at this stage, because the accesspoint AP₁, as described above, does not operate at an adaptive arrayantenna, it is necessary to receive a plurality of CTS 802.11 signals atthe same time with one antenna element. However, as described in thesecond embodiment, it is possible to receive them at the same time withone antenna element.

On the other hand, the conventional type of the station STA₁₄ alsoreceives a plurality of CTS 802.11 signals transmitted from the stationsSTA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ at the same time. The reception is possiblebecause of the above-mentioned reason. In response to the CTS 802.11signals transmitted from the respective stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, andSTA₁₃, the conventional type of the station STA₁₄ sets the value in theDuration in the CTS 802.11 signal to the NAV counter values NAV (CTS) asa standby interval to stop communication operations.

After this, the stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ receiving the RST802.11 signal return CTSadd signals including CTS0 add, CTS1 add, andCTS2 add at the same time. The CTSadd signal has the format as earliershown in FIG. 11B in which addresses of the stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, andSTA₁₃, are written as transmission sources at the Transmitter AddressesTA, so that the access point AP₁ can know the station which transmitsthe received CTS signal.

Then, the access point AP₁ obtains the transfer functions between eachof antenna elements 20 of the stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ and eachof a plurality of antenna elements 10 ₁, 10 ₂, and 10 ₃ on the basis ofthe RANDPAT in a plurality of the received CTSadd signals and directlylearns the weightings with a predetermined adaptive algorithm such asthe RLS algorithm or the like. With this, the access point AP₁ functionsas an adaptive array antenna. That is, when a predetermined intervalSIFS elapsed after reception of the last CTSadd signal including CTS2add, the access point AP₁ starts transmitting data (Fragment 0-0,Fragment 1-0, Fragment 2-0) by the space division multiplexing torespective stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ with a plurality of antennaelements 10 ₁, 10 ₂, and 10 ₃.

Here, a plurality of the CTSadd signals transmitted at the same timeinclude the different content as mentioned above. However, because theconventional type of the station STA₁₄ sets a value to the NAV countervalue NAV (CTS) on the basis of the CTS 802.11 signal, it neglects aplurality of the CTSadd signals transmitted at the same time, so thatthere is no problem.

The operation after this is the same as the description earlier madewith FIG. 9. The stations STA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ return the ACK signalsACK 0-0, ACK 1-0, ACK 2-0 at the same time when a predetermined intervalSIFS elapsed after completion of the data transmission from the accesspoint AP₁. The access point AP₁ directly learns the weightings of theadaptive array antenna with a predetermined adaptive algorithm such asthe RLS algorithm on the basis the RANDPAT in a plurality of thereceived ACK signals.

Further, in response to the data transmitted from the access point AP₁,the conventional type of station STA₁₄ sets the time interval describedat the Duration in the data to the NAV counter value NAV (Fragment 0) asa standby interval to stop communication operations. Further, inresponse to the transmission of the ACK signals from respective stationsSTA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃, the conventional type of station STA₁₄ sets thetime interval described at the Duration of the ACK signals to NAVcounter value NAV (ACK0) to stop communication operations.

In this communication system, according to the protocol mentioned above,the communication is carried out with the newly proposed RTS signal, CTSsignal, and ACK signal to provide the space division multiplexing withthe adaptive array antenna.

As mentioned above, in the communication system according to the thirdembodiment, while the coexistence with a station operating according tothe conventional protocol is possible, the space division multiplexingin the downward transmission from the access point AP₁ to the stationsSTA₁₁, STA₁₂, and STA₁₃ can be provided, so that the communicationcapacity of the network can be extremely increased.

Further, in the communication system, the CTSadd signals aresimultaneously returned in addition to the CTS 802.11. As a result, thisstructure reduces the occupation interval of the CTS signal, so that theoverhead can be eliminated.

As mentioned above, in the communication system according to theembodiments of the present invention, the new frame formats for the RTSsignal, the CTS signal and the ACK signal are proposed, and the accesspoint transmits the RTS signal representing at least addresses of aplurality of stations requested to receive the data and receives aplurality of CTS signals transmitted from a plurality of stations. Thus,the space division multiplexing communication can be provided betweenthe access point having the adaptive array antenna and a plurality ofstations with the coexistent with the station operating according to theconventional protocol.

Thus, this communication system can extremely increase a communicationcapacity of a network and thus can provide the application fortransmitting a large capacity of data as in the case that apredetermined server transmits a plurality of streams to a plurality oftelevision sets, which is impossible in the conventional wireless LAN.

This invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Forexample, the above embodiments are described with the case in which thisinvention is applied to the wireless LAN according to IEEE 802.11standard. However, this invention is applicable to any communicationsystem executing the same control as the control using the RTS signal,the RTS signal, the CTS signal, and the ACK signal.

Further, the above embodiments are described with assumption that in theso-called infrastructure mode, only the access point has the function ofthe adaptive array antenna. However, this invention is applicable to thecase where a plurality of stations has the function of adaptive arrayantenna. That is, this invention is applicable to the so-called ad hocmode. Further, any type of directive antenna is possible to use insteadof the adaptive array antenna described in the embodiment.

As mentioned above, it should be understood that changes andmodifications in the present invention may be made according tocircumstances without departing from the spirit or scope of the presentinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An electronic device comprising circuitry, thecircuitry configured to: control transmitting a multiple receiverrequest to send (MR-RTS) signal indicating a request to initiate datatransmission for a plurality of communication devices, and controlreceiving one or more clear to send (CTS) signals, the CTS signal istransmitted in response to the MR-RTS signal, wherein the MR-RTS signalincludes a first address field indicating a transmitter and a secondaddress field indicating the plurality of communication devices.
 2. Theelectronic device of claim 1, the MR-RTS further includes a thirdaddress field indicating specific sequences.
 3. The electronic device ofclaim 1, the CTS signals are received from one or more of the pluralityof communication devices.
 4. The electronic device of claim 3, the CTSsignals are received by frequency multiplexed.
 5. The electronic deviceof claim 3, the CTS signals are transmitted predetermined time afterreceiving the MR-RTS signal by one or more of the plurality ofcommunication devices.
 6. The electronic device of claim 3, the CTSsignals are transmitted by one or more of the plurality of communicationdevices with time division control.
 7. The electronic device of claim 3,the CTS signals are transmitted by one or more of the plurality ofcommunication devices without time division control.
 8. The electronicdevice of claim 7, the CTS signals are transmitted by one or more of theplurality of communication devices at a similar timing.
 9. Theelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the second address field includesone or more receiver addresses.
 10. A method comprising: controllingtransmitting a multiple receiver request to send (MR-RTS) signalindicating a request to initiate data transmission for a plurality ofcommunication devices, and controlling receiving one or more clear tosend (CTS) signals, the CTS signal is transmitted in response to theMR-RTS signal, wherein the MR-RTS signal includes a first address fieldindicating a transmitter and a second address field indicating theplurality of communication devices.